![]() ![]() First year mortality did not differ between populations for males (18–20%), but for females it was lower in America (15%) compared to Japan (25%). In the America population, males had higher mortality rates than females, whereas in the Japan population we found no differences between the sexes. ![]() We found that birth type (wild-born or captive-born) did not influence survival patterns in either population, but there were differential effects of sex on longevity. Females who survive to their first birthday are estimated to survive 42.4 (40.0–46.3) years and males 35.5 (32.6–38.0) years. Overall, survival patterns were similar between regions, and the median life expectancy from birth is estimated at 35.7 (95% CI = ) years for females and 30.1 (27.3–34.3) years for males across both populations. ![]() Here, we present the first comparative analysis of life history data for two ex situ chimpanzee populations residing in North America (1975–2020 n = 730) and Japan (1980–2020 n = 660). As life history variables can be altered by differences in environmental influences (whether natural or artificial), there is substantial value to being able to compare across populations. Such information requires prolonged and consistent record-keeping over many generations, so for chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes), this equates to many decades of input. PeerJ 9: e11913 ĭetailed, long-term datasets on the life histories of long-lived species such as great apes are necessary to understand their survival patterns but are relatively rare. Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan. Cite this article Che-Castaldo J, Havercamp K, Watanuki K, Matsuzawa T, Hirata S, Ross SR. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States DOI 10.7717/peerj.11913 Published Accepted Received Academic Editor Joseph Gillespie Subject Areas Evolutionary Studies, Zoology, Population Biology Keywords Chimpanzee, Survival analyses, Life table, Longevity, Mortality, Life history, America, Japan, Captivity Copyright © 2021 Che-Castaldo et al. ![]()
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